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The authority of a court to hear and decide a specific action or case is known as what?

  1. Diversity- of - citizenship jurisdiction

  2. Jurisdiction

  3. Federal- question jurisdiction

  4. Venue

The correct answer is: Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to hear and decide a specific action or case is known as jurisdiction. This is because it is the authority granted to a court to handle legal matters and make legal decisions. Choice A, diversity-of-citizenship jurisdiction, refers to a type of jurisdiction that pertains to cases involving parties from different states or countries. Choice C, federal-question jurisdiction, refers to a type of jurisdiction that pertains to cases involving federal law. Choice D, venue, refers to the specific geographic location where a court case will be heard, which is different from the overall jurisdiction granted to a court.